X Chromosome Inactivation: A Breakthrough for Genetic Diseases
The process of X chromosome inactivation represents a fascinating adaptation in female mammals, where one of the two X chromosomes is effectively silenced to balance gene dosage with males, who possess only one X chromosome.This mechanism is crucial for preventing the overexpression of X-linked genes and plays a significant role in understanding genetic diseases, notably Fragile X Syndrome and Rett Syndrome.